Center for intercultural dialogue key concepts in intercultural dialogue english as business lingua franca belf anne kankaanranta and leena louhialasalminen department of management studies, aalto university school of business, finland what is it. World englishes, english as a lingua franca and teacher education world englishes debate lead to related issues such as english as a lingua franca and teaching world englishes and teacher education. A lingua franca is a language which is used as a means of communication among people who have no native language in common. Such deliberation is not yet prevalent among academics and prac. Perspectives on business english as a lingua franca in. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua franca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. English as a lingua franca is a remote idea for efl students, creating a learning context can be challenging.
English as a lingua franca elt journal oxford academic. English today is used far more by its nonnative speakers than. However, the term that is now most widely used, and which i will be using here and in the following articles, is english as a lingua. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english. English is also used in situations where one of the speakers is a. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british. There may be native speakers present, but they would be in the minority. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. Among the key themes covered are the development of english as a lingua franca among speakers for whom english is a common but not first language, the parallel development of english as a medium.
The british empire colonized a significant portion of the earth. The function of english as a lingua franca for communication needs rethinking in the teaching of english as a foreign language classroom as a consequence of globalisation. English as a lingua franca the globalization of english. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The question leads to seek clarification as to benefits to whom. However, the term that is now most widely used, and which i will be using here and in the following articles, is english as a lingua franca elf. We would have to invent the language we are supposed to. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. This chapter proposes two alternative models for assessing english as a lingua franca elf.
Pdf the phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. The center for english as a lingua franca celf, an initiative of a private. English as a lingua franca a native culturefree code. This is the english that is most widely used for scientific and scholarly pursuits, and as it comprises. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua fra nca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. Since roughly only one out of every four users of english in the world is a native speaker of the language crystal 2003.
English as a lingua franca elf research papers academia. Keywordsenglish, global lingua franca, history, evolution, simultaneous. Note that i normally use the term native english speaker to refer to both inner and outer circle speakers. Preamble very languages on the globe is found going. Although english is unlikely to be displaced as the worlds most important. A lingua franca or working language, bridge language, vehicular language is a language systematically used for communication, possibly among people who do not. These may be defined according to kachrus three circles. English as a lingua franca research papers academia.
Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. Pdf english as a lingua franca used at international meetings. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom jennifer jenkins english has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages i. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and. Considering the current position of english around the world, language education based on. Challenges for applied linguistics volume 26 barbara seidlhofer, angelika breiteneder, marieluise pitzl. Research into english as a lingua franca has been slower to take off, despite pioneering work by a. How and why did english supplant french as the worlds. Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua franca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. English for international communication between nonnative speakers.
Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and a. What emerges from much of the discussion, however, is that there seems. Because of its history, english has had a headstart on other european language to serve as that lingua, and today despite many critics. English is the worlds lingua franca today, but how did it get to be that way. As teachers of english, we should be familiar with the movement called english as a lingua franca and the implications for our teaching, concerning both content and methods. It has replaced french as the lingua franca of diplomacy since world war ii. English as a lingua franca in esp blogs at helsinkiuni. Because of its history, english has had a headstart on other european language to serve as that lingua, and today despite many critics, including native speakers of english its function as a link medium between speakers of different languages seems established. Thomason 2001 english today spoken more widely as a l2 than as a l1 the. We would have to invent the language we are supposed to teach. English will remain, for the foreseeable future, the lingua franca of science and technology. Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua fra nca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. Center for intercultural dialogue key concepts in intercultural dialogue english as business lingua franca belf anne kankaanranta and leena louhialasalminen department of management studies.
English as a lingua franca elf is english when it is used between two or more people who do not have the same first language. Policy makers in africa should be pragmatic and ensure that their populations are equipped to benefit from, and. Kaur, preempting problems of understanding in english as a lingua franca, in english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca elf is a functional term referring to the use of english as a common language by speakers of different first languages. But today the majority of english speakers are located in the outer. English as a foreign language efl is english when it is used by nonnative speakers to communicate with native speakers. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom. English as a lingua franca, english language teaching, teacher education, intercultural communicative competence, transformative learning. Read online understanding english as a lingua franca, as a. The choice of a language that becomes a lingua franca, so merely the language. English as a lingua franca, english as a foreign language, communicative. English is widely regarded as having become the global language but will it retain its preeminence in the 21st century. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages.
Analysis of the history, evolution of english and its impact on other languages leads us to sketch out a prospective future of it as a global lingua franca. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Pdf the paper deals with the use of english as a lingua franca. English is the current lingua franca of international business, science, technology and aviation. The world in which it is used is in the early stages of major. The center for english as a lingua franca celf, an initiative of a private university in tokyo, was founded with serious consideration given to the pedagogical implications of the widespread use of english as a lingua franca elf. In the past, arabic became the lingua franca of the islamic world from ad 733 ad 1492, which at a certain point spread from the. We first make the case for idiomaticity in english.
Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. Lingua franca simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Policy makers in africa should be pragmatic and ensure that their populations are equipped to benefit from, and contribute to, research by adopting english as the language of education. This paper critically considers the implications of the growth of englishmedium instruction emi globally for idiomaticity in english as a lingua franca elf. For this reason, although she did not consider it problematic if other taiwanese people spoke english with a.
In 2000, david crystal was already writing about emerging englishes, and warning english. Should english be used as a compulsory lingua franca in. The routledge handbook of english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca elf is english when it is used between two or more. The world in which it is used is in the early stages of major social, economic and demographic transition. If we assume that every scholar or prospective scholar in a field is familiar with a lingua franca i. English is and will be the lingua franca of europe in. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the english language as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do. English as a lingua franca and some implications for english teachers penny ur 2009 initial concepts and assumptions probably between two and three billion people speak english. Analysis of the history, evolution of english and its impact on other languages leads us to sketch out a prospective future of it as a global lingua.
English as a lingua franca speakers not learners anna mauranen university of. Oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue. Considering the current position of english around the world, language education based on the assumption that learners of english will only communicate with native. Sustainable english language teacher development at scale. View english as a lingua franca research papers on academia. The objective of this bachelor thesis is to study english as a lingua franca, namely its. View english as a lingua franca elf research papers on academia. English, says nicholas ostler, is a textbook example of a language with a large mother tongue community that is also widely used as a lingua franca the last lingua franca.
It furthers the universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. English medium instruction and idiomaticity in english as. The uses of english internationally are not just related to the expanding circle, but also it includes. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Richard nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and english at georgia southern university and the author of several. English today is, no doubt, a lingua franca in the sense of unescos broad definition, but it is at the same time a native language of a substantial subset of participants in the communication that is expressed. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and language. We also briefly saw that intelligibility in elf is usually achieved when speakers are competent in the.
Language learning and use succeed through performance strategies, situational resources, and social negotiations in. It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international domains, including international. English as a lingua franca and critical teacher education models relevant to the current position of english language. English as a lingua franca i n my first article on english as a lingua franca elf met vol. Business english as a lingua franca marinel gerritsen and catherine nickerson introduction communication between speakers of di. English as a lingua franca has gradually been established as the main term of what earlier was referred to, and occasionally still is, as english as an international language, english as a global language, or english as a world language seidlhofer 2004. There are arguably benefits to the world in having a lingua franca. Nov 12, 2017 the question leads to seek clarification as to benefits to whom. A lingua franca or working language, bridge language, vehicular language is a language systematically used for communication, possibly among people who do not share a common language. Generally, a lingua franca is a third language that is distinct from a native or mother language. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. English operates as a lingua franca at a number of different levels, including local, national, regional and international. The pragmatic reality of elf in certain contexts is revealing as is evident in ngs reflective. The english as a foreign language lingua franca debate.
It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international. Efl instructors perceptions and practices on english as a. The rise of english in diplomacy began in 1919, after world war i, when the treaty of versailles was. Lingua franca i engelsk, stx og hf undervisning i engelsk som lingua franca teksten beskriver et nyt begreb i l. It started with the british empire and the colonization of america. Tests based on the first model resemble existing approaches to assessing english as a foreign. Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples log in dictionary. English today is used far more by its nonnative speakers than native speakers. What are the benefits of english being a lingua franca. The phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header.